Thymosin Alpha-1 (5mg)

CAS Number: 62304-98-7

Molecular Formula: C₁₂₉H₂₁₅N₃₃O₅₅

Molecular Weight: 3108.27 g/mol

Sequence: Ac-Ser-Asp-Ala-Ala-Val-Asp-Thr-Ser-Ser-Glu-Ile-Thr-Thr-Lys-Asp-Leu-Lys-Glu-Lys-Lys-Glu-Val-Val-Glu-Glu-Ala-Glu-Asn-OH (28 amino acids)

What is Thymosin Alpha-1 (Tα1)?

Thymosin Alpha-1 is a peptide naturally occurring in the thymus, long recognized for modifying, enhancing, and restoring immune function. PubMed Central First isolated from thymic tissue by Dr. Allan Goldstein and colleagues in the 1970s, it is a 28-amino acid peptide with a molecular weight of approximately 3,108 daltons. Oath Peptides It exhibits potent immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, working by stimulating T-cell differentiation, enhancing thymic output, and modulating dendritic cell and macrophage activity. MDPI A synthetic version (Thymalfasin / Zadaxin) is approved in some countries but remains investigational in the US.

Areas of Active Research:

1. Infectious Diseases

Tα1 has been studied as a means of curbing morbidity and mortality in sepsis and numerous infections, including viral diseases. PubMed Central However, a major 2025 phase 3 trial found that Tα1 did not reduce 28-day all-cause mortality in adults with sepsis overall, though a subgroup analysis suggested a potential differential benefit in patients with diabetes and those aged 60 and over. PubMed

2. Hepatitis B & C

Tα1 has been utilized in the treatment of immunocompromised states, malignancies, and as an enhancer of vaccine response, as well as in infectious diseases including viral hepatitis. PubMed Central Studies have examined its combination with antiviral drugs for hepatitis B-related cirrhosis.

3. COVID-19

Tα1 has been explored in COVID-19 treatment, with research suggesting it may reduce mortality in severe cases by restoring lymphocytopenia and reversing exhausted T cells. Regulations Results have been mixed across studies.

4. Cancer

Tα1 has been utilized in the treatment of malignancies PubMed Central, and researchers have explored its role in cancer and infection therapy through a phenotypic drug discovery framework Frontiers, meaning it’s studied for functional effects even without fully mapped molecular targets.

5. Aging & Immunosenescence

Preclinical and clinical studies show that Tα1 can improve vaccine response in the elderly and mitigate immunosenescence PubMed Central — the gradual deterioration of the immune system with age.

6. Severe Acute Pancreatitis

A 2025 systematic review and meta-analysis found that Tα1 alleviates inflammation and helps prevent infection in patients with severe acute pancreatitis through immune regulation. Frontiers

7. Depression / Mental Health

A small 2025 proof-of-concept study explored Tα1 in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and comorbid depression, based on the hypothesis that increasing naïve T cell output could improve mood. ScienceDirect This is a very early-stage area.

8. Vaccine Enhancement

Tα1 has shown ability to improve vaccine response in the elderly MDPI, and studies have examined its use as an adjuvant to boost immunogenicity in immunosuppressed populations such as dialysis patients.